Correspondence between

Emails where every selected person appears as a sender, recipient, or copied participant.

Data for Bwonell and Eisenhower

Importance: High Ignore the Freeman Tab. That will be replaced with the final version that Heather put together. George George L. Krisztian Flint Action Plan Coordinator Laboratory Director Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Desk ph (517) 284-6719 Cell ph (517) 420-5897 xxxEND_PAGE:deq02_b031_2087_2087_1

Spread Sheet for Freeman Elementary Lead and Copper Results

Importance: High Attached is the spreadsheet for Freeman Elementary. Please note that the Lead Results and the Copper Results are on different tabs. Heather will take a stab at reconciling the naming convention between the report and the spreadsheet to make it generic and easily understood to the lay person. We can then meet as a group to discuss. Thank you! George George L. 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RE: Freeman Elementary 11-5-15.docx

The last paragraph in the background information had technical terms that Karen changed and | have now changed back. The section titles were changed back to outlet as this term is used in the document title and throughout the sections. Stephen Busch, PLE. MIDEQ Lansing District Coordinator Office of Drinking Water and Municipal Assistance Lansing and Jackson District Supervisor 517-643-2314 busehs @ michigan. gov

Freeman Elementary v3.docx

Here is the Word version. xxxEND_PAGE:deq04_b574_5013_5313_087 Freeman Elementary School Outlet Sampling and Plumbing Assessment Recommendations o m (S xxxEND_PAGE:deq04_b574_5013_5313_088 Background Information On Friday, October 23, 2015, the Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs (DLARA) and the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) conducted an assessment of Freeman Elementary’s plumbing system to gain a comprehensive understanding of how water moves through the building and what types of plumbing materials are used. The assessment identified the following potential sources of lead leaching into drinking water: Lead solder joints on copper piping Brass valves and brass fittings Brass components in fixtures Galvanized piping The assessment also identified 31 faucets or fountains that provide water for drinking, cooking and/or food preparation. The team developed a sequenee for gempling the 31 faucets based on how the water travels through the building. : : On Saturday, October 24, 2015, the DEQ and the DEARA compictel ‘sampling of the 31 faucets/ fountains, in the order determined by:the plumbing assessment:from the previous day, following a stagnation period of 12 hours. At each of the 31 faucets/fountains identified, staff collected four samples. Two initial, 125-mililiter ples (P1-and P2), were.collected immediately after turning on the tap. The water was:then flushed for 30 seconds:and a third, 125-mililiter sample (F1) was collec $ flushed for another two minutes, and the fourth 125-mililiter sample (Fz Water Service Information a into galvanized metal piping for cold water lines. Two separate galvan z pla lines exit the boiler room. One in the northeast corner appears +t ri north end ¢ throughout the building. xxxEND_PAGE:deq04_b574_5013_5313_089 Qutlets With Lead Levels Greater Than 15 Parts per Billion Outlet: Bubbler Drinking Fountain, Left (DW001) Location: Hallway outside Janitorial Room Results: P1=40 parts per billion, P2=6 parts per billion, F1=4 parts per billion, F2=1 part per billion These results suggest the highest contribution of lead may be from the bubbler itself. This bubbler fixture is believed to have a brass valve. The connection underneath the sink also appears to have some brass components including the valve at the wall. Replacement of this bubbler tap and its connection plumbing with lead-free materials will significantly reduce: lead exposure at this location. If replacement is not currently feasible, sample results indicate that flushing this tap for.3. minutes following periods of stagnation is likely to reduce lead concentrations.and’lead exposure. = Outlet: Sink Faucet (CF029) Location: DHHS Health Office, west wall Results: P1=17 parts per billion, F1=2 parts per billion, F These results suggest the highest contri be from the faucet and its.connecting pl plumbing in the cabinet brass com xxxEND_PAGE:deq04_b574_5013_5313_090 Outlet: Integrated faucet and bubbler fountain (CF006) Location: Classroom 2, south wall Results: P1=16 parts per billion, P2=3 parts per billion, F1=1 part per billion, F2=1 part per billion These results were collected from the faucet portion of the fixture and suggest the highest contribution of lead may be

Freeman Elementary Report

Steve asked that I add the address to the school. ] have done so on the attached version. I also added page numbers. Heather Feuerstein Management Assistant to Maggie Pallone, Deputy Director and Brad Wurfel, Communications Director Department of Environmental Quality 517.284.6715 xxxEND_PAGE:deq14_b0801_2659_2659_1

RE: handout

| think we need to include at least Flint, Mi if not the school address somewhere to avoid confusion with any other Freeman Elementary school that might be in the State. Stephen Busch, P.E. MDEQ Lansing District Coordinator Office of Drinking Water and Municipal Assistance Lansing and Jackson District Supervisor 517-643-2314 [email protected]

Flint NBC News Interview - Flint TTHMs

Attached is a summary of the interview | had with Flint NBC 25 News late yesterday.....sorry this summary is late as | am receiving incoming calls from Flint residents... Michael Prysby, P.E. District Engineer Office of Drinking Water and Municipal Assistance 517 290-8817 xxxEND_PAGE:deq20_b01_001_057_12 Flint NBC 25 News Interview Flint TTHMs January 5, 2015 Walter-Smith Randolth, reporter, from Flint NBC 25 News conducted a telephone interview with me for broadcast on Flint local television concerning the TTHM violation in Flint’s drinking water. I led the interview and provided Mr. Randolth an opportunity for follow-up questions. Below is a summary of topics that were presented. TTHM violation — What does this mean for Flint residents? The TTHM violation notice to residents is not an immediate public health emergency since the health-effects posted in the notice require long- term exposure to TTHMs (over a significant portion of an individual’s lifespan). TTHMs commonly occur in public water systems that disinfect with chorine due to the reaction between chlorine and naturally occurring organic compounds (total organic carbon) in the source water. Surface water sources, including the Flint River watershed, typically have higher levels of naturally occurring organic compounds. What is the DEQ’s Role? The DEQ is working in collaboration with the city to ensure long-term public health protection and to keep the public informed. We are working with the city to help identify improvements in treatment and operation of the distribution system to reduce the levels of TTHMs. We are assisting the city with public notice requirements (when to post/contents). With our assistance, the city has proceeded with an operational evaluation of the water system ahead of state and federal requirements. DEQ’s perspective of the situation: _ The Flint River source is more difficult to treat since it requires more disinfection to maintain bacteriological intergrity. Increased disinfection; however, when combined with higher levels of naturally occurring organics results in elevated levels of TTHMs that form over time out in the distribution system. The TTHM concentrations that developed in the system were more than anticipated due to several reasons: 1. Flint did not immediately change their mode of distribution system operation after switching sources to account for higher TTHM formation potential of treated water from Flint’s WTP. xxxEND_PAGE:deq20_b01_001_057_13 T explained that TTHMs require time to form and are not fully developed in the treated water that enters the distribution system from the WTP. Water from Detroit; however, is several days old when it reaches Flint; thus the majority of the TTHMs are developed. TTHMs were also lower given the source water (Lake Huron). Flint’s historically operated the distribution system in a manner that created conditions favorable for stagnation. This methodology of operation was not changed (initially) when switching to the Flint River; thus, this condition was one of several factors contributing to higher levels of TTHMs. Other factors included; higher TTHM formation potential in the Flint River (already explained above) and higher chlorine application rates at treatment plant to maintain bacteriological integrity. I further explained that TTHM levels in the most recent quarter have dropped for two main reasons: 1. Action taken by the city including; improving dist. system operation to reduce stagnation, treatment changes (complete softening), reduced chorination, system flushing, valving improvements 2. Seasonal fluctuation of organic compounds in the Flint River. Less organic loading in the winter months. END of MY DISCUSSION Mr. Smith-Randolf asked for my comment to the following this problem is occurring in Flint? Is there a problem with the water system? This was not an issue when Flint was on Detroit water. I responded by summarizing some of the key points discussed above including: Dist system operation (storage facilities and valving) TTHM formation potential in Flint River vs. Detroit and age of incoming water e High chlorine dosages to maintain bacteriological integrity e Treatment practices at WTP (partial by-pass of softening) xxxEND_PAGE:deq20_b01_001_057_14

Media Inquiry

Date: Monday, October 13, 2014 3:47:46 PM Ron Fonger from the Flint Journal called me today concerning the GM Engine manufacturing plant in Flint and their intent to temporarily terminate water service from Flint and purchase water from Genesee County (via Flint Twp) until Flint is either treating water from KWA or reducing their chloride concentration from their treated water that meets GM’s limit for manufacturing. Ron asked if elevated chlorides are a health concern in Flint. | looked up Flint’s MOR and noted that the treated water chloride concentration leaving the WTP ranges between 55 and 65 mg/I which, although not optimal (optimal being <20 mg/l), is satisfactory. Concentrations > 250 mg/I become objectionable due to taste & corrosion issues; however, based on the concentration leaving the WTP, we did not have any health-effect concerns. Ron was not able to recall the maximum chloride level acceptable to GM; however, | stressed the importance of not branding Flint’s water as “corrosive”

Media Inquiry

Date: Monday, October 13, 2014 3:47:45 PM Ron Fonger from the Flint Journal called me today concerning the GM Engine manufacturing plant in Flint and their intent to temporarily terminate water service from Flint and purchase water from Genesee County (via Flint Twp) until Flint is either treating water from KWA or reducing their chloride concentration from their treated water that meets GM’s limit for manufacturing. Ron asked if elevated chlorides are a health concern in Flint. | looked up Flint’s MOR and noted that the treated water chloride concentration leaving the WTP ranges between 55 and 65 mg/l which, although not optimal (optimal being <20 mg/l), is satisfactory. Concentrations > 250 mg/I become objectionable due to taste & corrosion issues; however, based on the concentration leaving the WTP, we did not have any health-effect concerns. Ron was not able to recall the maximum chloride level acceptable to GM; however, | stressed the importance of not branding Flint’s water as “corrosive”

City of Flint BWA follow-up - media inquiry

Mr. Ron Fonger from the Flint Journal called me this morning concerning a follow-up meeting with Flint city council yesterday evening and their summary of the most recent localized BWA (rescinded on 9/9/14). The city agrees that there are underlying problems in the water distribution system; however, the following question was asked......Why weren’t these problems being experienced while we were purchasing water from Detroit? Howard Kroft (City Administrator) responded that the difference in the source water (higher temperature in the Flint River) creates a treated water that is not fully stabilized and reduce chlorine residuals in the distribution system. This problem was exasperated further in the distribution system 1 xxxEND_PAGE:deq11_b262_1329_1330_1 due to several transmission main valves being closed causing stagnation and ineffective disinfection. Ron asked if | agreed with Mr. Kroft’s discussion and if there may be a link between the Flint River source water and the problems recently experienced in the distribution system. | agreed, in part, that low chlorine residuals (< 0.1 to trace free) and stagnation is ineffective in maintaining adequate disinfection especially in old tuberculated cast-iron piping that is susceptible to bacteriological growth under low chlorine conditions. Stagnation due to closed valves can worsen these conditions; thus, the city needs to optimize system operation to minimize stagnation. Efforts could include; improve turn-over of water within their existing water storage reservoirs on the west side of town, operate their pumping stations in segregated pressure districts instead of re-circulating water. Also, the water storage reservoirs should be inspected and cleaned (removal of any excessive sediment) as needed. | also agreed with Mr. Kroft’s statement that the Flint River is more difficult source to treat than Lake Huron water. Although higher raw water temperature can accelerate the loss of free chlorine in the distribution system, | also added that treated water from the Flint River water likely has an increased chlorine demand due to higher organic content (typically associated with surface water — river sources). Although an adequate free chlorine residual is being distributed from the WTP, the higher chlorine demand will reduce the free residual over time out in the distribution system — which makes it important to optimize distribution system operation. | also informed Ron that that there has be no further BWAs since last Tuesday nor evidence of contamination in the Flint distribution system. Also, free chlorine residuals have increased in the BWA area based on our most recent discussion with Flint water utility operators. Michael Prysby, P.E. District Engineer Office of Drinking Water and Municipal Assistance 517 290-8817 xxxEND_PAGE:deq11_b262_1329_1330_2

City of Flint BWA follow-up - media inquiry

Date: Thursday, September 18, 2014 2:07:40 PM Mr. Ron Fonger from the Flint Journal called me this morning concerning a follow-up meeting with Flint city council yesterday evening and their summary of the most recent localized BWA (rescinded on 9/9/14). The city agrees that there are underlying problems in the water distribution system; however, the following question was asked......Why weren’t these problems being experienced while we were purchasing water from Detroit? Howard Kroft (City Administrator) responded that the difference in the source water (higher temperature in the Flint River) creates a treated water that is not fully stabilized and reduce chlorine residuals in the distribution system. This problem was exasperated further in the distribution system due to several transmission main valves being closed causing stagnation and ineffective disinfection. Ron asked if | agreed with Mr. Kroft’s discussion and if there may be a link between the Flint River source water and the problems recently experienced in the distribution system. | agreed, in part, that low chlorine residuals (< 0.1 to trace free) and stagnation is ineffective in maintaining adequate disinfection especially in old tuberculated cast-iron piping that is susceptible to bacteriological growth under low chlorine conditions. Stagnation due to closed valves can worsen these conditions; thus, the city needs to optimize system operation to minimize stagnation. Efforts could include; improve turn-over of water within their existing water storage reservoirs on the west side of town, operate their pumping stations in segregated pressure districts instead of re-circulating water. Also, the water storage reservoirs should be inspected and cleaned (removal of any excessive sediment) as needed. | also agreed with Mr. Kroft’s statement that the Flint River is more difficult source to treat than Lake Huron water. Although higher raw water temperature can accelerate the loss of free chlorine in the distribution system, | also added that treated water from the Flint River water likely has an increased chlorine demand due to higher organic content (typically associated xxxEND_PAGE:deq04_b036_1888_1889_1 with surface water — river sources). Although an adequate free chlorine residual is being distributed from the WTP, the higher chlorine demand will reduce the free residual over time out in the distribution system — which makes it important to optimize distribution system operation. | also informed Ron that that there has be no further BWAs since last Tuesday nor evidence of contamination in the Flint distribution system. Also, free chlorine residuals have increased in the BWA area based on our most recent discussion with Flint water utility operators. Michael Prysby, P.E. District Engineer Office of Drinking Water and Municipal Assistance 517 290-8817 xxxEND_PAGE:deq04_b036_1888_1889_2

City of Flint BWA follow-up - media inquiry

Date: Thursday, September 18, 2014 2:07:39 PM Mr. Ron Fonger from the Flint Journal called me this morning concerning a follow-up meeting with Flint city council yesterday evening and their summary of the most recent localized BWA (rescinded on 9/9/14). The city agrees that there are underlying problems in the water distribution system; however, the following question was asked......Why weren’t these problems being experienced while we were purchasing water from Detroit? Howard Kroft (City Administrator) responded that the difference in the source water (higher temperature in the Flint River) creates a treated water that is not fully stabilized and reduce chlorine residuals in the distribution system. This problem was exasperated further in the distribution system due to several transmission main valves being closed causing stagnation and ineffective disinfection. Ron asked if | agreed with Mr. Kroft’s discussion and if there may be a link between the Flint River source water and the problems recently experienced in the distribution system. | agreed, in part, that low chlorine residuals (< 0.1 to trace free) and stagnation is ineffective in maintaining adequate disinfection especially in old tuberculated cast-iron piping that is susceptible to bacteriological growth under low chlorine conditions. Stagnation due to closed valves can worsen these conditions; thus, the city needs to optimize system operation to minimize stagnation. Efforts could include; improve turn-over of water within their existing water storage reservoirs on the west side of town, operate their pumping stations in segregated pressure districts instead of re-circulating water. Also, the water storage reservoirs should be inspected and cleaned (removal of any excessive sediment) as needed. | also agreed with Mr. Kroft’s statement that the Flint River is more difficult source to treat than Lake Huron water. Although higher raw water temperature can accelerate the loss of free chlorine in the distribution system, | also added that treated water from the Flint River water likely has an increased chlorine demand due to higher organic content (typically associated xxxEND_PAGE:deq01_b031_1841_1842_1 001842 with surface water — river sources). Although an adequate free chlorine residual is being distributed from the WTP, the higher chlorine demand will reduce the free residual over time out in the distribution system — which makes it important to optimize distribution system operation. | also informed Ron that that there has be no further BWAs since last Tuesday nor evidence of contamination in the Flint distribution system. Also, free chlorine residuals have increased in the BWA area based on our most recent discussion with Flint water utility operators. Michael Prysby, P.E. District Engineer Office of Drinking Water and Municipal Assistance 517 290-8817 xxxEND_PAGE:deq01_b031_1841_1842_2

City of Flint BWA Media Inquiry

Date: Monday, September 08, 2014 10:00:10 AM Mr. Ron Fonger from the Flint Journal called me this morning concerning the BWA issued for the western portion of the Flint water distribution system. | confirmed Ron’s statement that the advisory was issued on Friday Sept 5" for a localized area and was expanded on Sat Sept 6" after samples from an additional routine sampling location tested positive for total coliform bacteria. | confirmed with Ron that none of the samples detected fecal coliform. Ron asked if there was a cause to the most recent contamination. | responded that the city has not identified a specific cause; however, (as | discussed with Ron in the August 20th inquiry - first BWA episode in Flint), potential causes including mainbreaks, unprotected cross connections, unauthorized connections, loss of pressure, etc. will need to be investigated by the city. Low chlorine residuals in this area may also be a contributing factor and could be the result of localized stagnation. The city will need to review distribution system operation, determine whether stagnation is occurring, and modify operation as needed to alleviate this problem. Next, Ron asked if the problem was attributed to the Flint WTP treating water from the Flint River. | informed Ron that treated water from the WTP continues to meet the drinking water standard for total and fecal coliform bacteria and that there have been no detects for these contaminants leaving the WTP. Ron also acknowledged that there has been significant water loss from the water system and asked if that could be a potential cause. | explained to Ron that the loss of water of the magnitude that Flint has been experiencing points to large mainbreaks. Some of these breaks have been repaired; however, the work involved in repairing a broken watermain may or may not introduce contamination into the water system. Critical factors include the extent of the area that may have been taken out of service to complete the repair, how well the trench area is kept clean and de-watered, chlorination at the site, and flushing after the repair. Repair records needs to be reviewed to determine if any major repairs were recently completed in or near the affected area. xxxEND_PAGE:deq03_b022_0027_0028_1 Ron’s last question pertained to the number of BWAs issued on a state-wide basis. | did not have that information available to Ron; however, upon further discussion with Steve, | will provide Ron with a history of total coliform MCL violations (state-wide basis) as soon as | have the information available. We do Michael Prysby, P.E. District Engineer Office of Drinking Water and Municipal Assistance 517 290-8817 xxxEND_PAGE:deq03_b022_0027_0028_2

City of Flint BWA Media Inquiry

Date: Monday, September 08, 2014 10:00:09 AM Mr. Ron Fonger from the Flint Journal called me this morning concerning the BWA issued for the western portion of the Flint water distribution system. | confirmed Ron’s statement that the advisory was issued on Friday Sept 5" for a localized area and was expanded on Sat Sept 6" after samples from an additional routine sampling location tested positive for total coliform bacteria. | confirmed with Ron that none of the samples detected fecal coliform. Ron asked if there was a cause to the most recent contamination. | responded that the city has not identified a specific cause; however, (as | discussed with Ron in the August 20th inquiry - first BWA episode in Flint), potential causes including mainbreaks, unprotected cross connections, unauthorized connections, loss of pressure, etc. will need to be investigated by the city. Low chlorine residuals in this area may also be a contributing factor and could be the result of localized stagnation. The city will need to review distribution system operation, determine whether stagnation is occurring, and modify operation as needed to alleviate this problem. Next, Ron asked if the problem was attributed to the Flint WTP treating water from the Flint River. | informed Ron that treated water from the WTP continues to meet the drinking water standard for total and fecal coliform bacteria and that there have been no detects for these contaminants leaving the WTP. Ron also acknowledged that there has been significant water loss from the water system and asked if that could be a potential cause. | explained to Ron that the loss of water of the magnitude that Flint has been experiencing points to large mainbreaks. Some of these breaks have been repaired; however, the work involved in repairing a broken watermain may or may not introduce contamination into the water system. Critical factors include the extent of the area that may have been taken out of service to complete the repair, how well the trench area is kept clean and de-watered, chlorination at the site, and flushing after the repair. Repair records needs to be reviewed to determine if any major repairs were recently completed in or near the affected area. xxxEND_PAGE:deq01_b032_1843_1844_1 001844 Ron’s last question pertained to the number of BWAs issued on a state-wide basis. | did not have that information available to Ron; however, upon further discussion with Steve, | will provide Ron with a history of total coliform MCL violations (state-wide basis) as soon as | have the information available. We do Michael Prysby, P.E. District Engineer Office of Drinking Water and Municipal Assistance 517 290-8817 xxxEND_PAGE:deq01_b032_1843_1844_2

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